In this study, samples of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), and alder (Alnus glutinosa L.), which are widely used in furniture production and other sectors of the woodworking industry, were comparatively examined under different climatic conditions, and their interchangeability was investigated. For this purpose, test specimens prepared from these three wood species were tested under temperature and relative humidity conditions of 20 ℃/65%, 40 ℃/35%, and 10 ℃/50%, and their physical and mechanical properties were determined. Accordingly, the highest density was found in hornbeam wood at 0.76 g/cm³, followed by beech wood at 0.73 g/cm³. The bending strength was measured as 129.4 N/mm² in hornbeam wood and 121.2 N/mm² in beech wood. Similarly, the modulus of elasticity in bending was found to be at comparable levels between hornbeam and beech wood. However, the highest dynamic bending strength was observed in beech wood at 82.4 kJ/m², while the lowest was in hornbeam wood at 56.6 kJ/m², with alder wood showing an intermediate value of 67.3 kJ/m². In addition, the hardness values of beech and alder wood were found to be 29.2 N/mm² and 25.1 N/mm², respectively, indicating similar hardness resistance. As a result, it can be concluded that hornbeam and beech wood can be used interchangeably in load-bearing applications. Therefore, when the use of one of these three wood species is required, selecting based on availability and ease of transportation may provide an economic advantage.