The tree-of-heaven (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle) is one of the most aggressive arboreal invaders, threatening forest health and biodiversity across five continents. Given its rapid spread, severe ecological impact, and management difficulty, this paper (i) synthesises current knowledge of ecological factors driving its invasion in forest settings, (ii) critically evaluates available control methods, and (iii) proposes an integrated, evidence–based management framework suitable for forest ecosystems. Prevention strategies, such as legislation, vigilant monitoring, and the rapid removal of female trees, are essential first–line defences. For control, systemic herbicides applied via foliar sprays, basal bark, cut–stump, or stem injection methods provide the most effective long–term suppression. In contrast, mechanical or physical treatments alone often result in vigorous resprouting. Biological control agents show potential but remain purely experimental. However, the absence of approved biological agents and the limited availability of long–term cost–effectiveness data currently constrain management planning and large–scale implementation in forest ecosystems. This review presents a decision matrix that links control options to tree ontogenetic stages and site conditions, highlighting research needs that balance effectiveness, costs, and ecological safety. Overall, this synthesis offers a clear, evidence–based toolkit for managers and policymakers managing A. altissima in forest ecosystems.