This study introduces damping vibration and noise reduction technology to improve the sound insulation performance of lightweight wooden partition walls, aiming to alleviate indoor environmental noise and enhance living comfort. By applying this technology, a constrained damping structure was developed and its sound insulation capabilities were modeled using COMSOL finite element analysis. The model's accuracy was confirmed through impedance tube testing, leading to an optimization of structural parameters that identified stiffness and area density as key to sound insulation performance. Reverberation chamber tests validated the proposed design optimizations, showing that the test group's walls achieved superior sound insulation, with an 11.2 dB greater reduction in sound transmission loss at 80 Hz compared to the control group. The constrained damping technology not only improves insulation across a broad frequency spectrum but also specifically targets and mitigates sound insulation deficiencies, steering clear of problematic architectural acoustic ranges and improving overall soundproofing effectiveness. This research contributes to advancements in architectural acoustics by providing a solution that enhances the sound insulation performance of wooden partition walls.